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Dzierżoniów
is located in the Lower Silesia Voivodship, at the foot of the picturesque and attractive
for tourists Owl Mountains (Góry Sowie).
They are exceptional for the abundance of minerals, unique elements of flora
and fauna and unsolved mysteries of the underground objects dating back to the
II World War. From the north of the town rises Ślęża Mountain (commonly called
“The Silesian Olympus”), which in the past used to be the place of religious
rites for many cultures. Dzierżoniów is a middle-sized town with 35,5 thousand
inhabitants. The history of the town can be traced back to the 13th
century, where one can find remembrances of Piast dynasty ruling, Czech rulers,
Habsburg dynasty or, at last, German and Polish nations. The first written
mention about Dzierżoniów comes from the records dating back to the 50’s of the
13th century. This is the time when the Church of St. George was
also noted. By the end of the 13th century the town was recognized
as an economic and administration centre for the entire region. Dzierżoniów, at
the beginning of its history, was subordinated to the Wroclaw princes and, in
the end, turned to be one of the leading focal points of the Principality of
Świdnica-Jawor. The urban layout designed at that time, with extensive market
square, town hall and roads, coming out of the centre of every frontage, is
visible until nowadays. The 14th
century was marked with gradual dependence of Lower Silesia on the Czech
crown. In 1392 the Principality of Świdnica-Jawor passed under the reign of
Prague. The subsequent century brought the Hussite revolts, due to which the
town as well as the whole region were plundered by the crossings of the armed
bands and epidemics. In 1526 the Kingdom of Bohemia, including Dzierżoniów,
came under the rule of the Habsburg monarchy. In the 16th century the
development of commerce and crafts as well as manufacturing of linen and other
textiles was observed. The second half of that century and the beginning of the
17th century are sometimes called “ the golden age” of the town.
Favorable period ended in 1618, along with the commencement of the destructive
Thirty Years’ War. Another 100 years was the time of relative peace,
interrupted however by the outbreak of the Silesian Wars (1740-1763). As their
result, Dzierżoniów and greater part of Silesia became part of the Kingdom of
Prussia. System and administration changes were introduced. In 1816-1820 the
town became the capital city of one of the four districts of the Silesian
province. Under the Prussian reign Dzierżoniów found its place in the European
history. In 1790 Dzierżoniów hosted diplomats from the Kingdom of Prussia,
Austria, Netherlands, England and Polish Republic. During the second meeting
held in 1813 the visit to Dzierżoniów land was paid by monarchs: Frederic
William of Prussia and Tsar Alexander I of Russia. In 1800 Dzierżoniów was
visited by John Quincy Adams, member of the United States Senate, later on
elected the sixth President of the Untied States of America. In the 19th
century the town along with the rest of region became the centre of Silesian
textile industry. However, in the second half of the century crisis of the
textile branch of industry led to the fierce uprising of the labor class, known
in history as the Weavers Uprising. Echoes of the events of June 1840 can be found
later on in the drama of the Nobel Prize winner Gerhard Hauptman. In the 19th
century the town accomplished a number of municipal investments, lots of public
and private buildings were built. In 1855 the town was connected to railway
network from Świdnica, whereas at the turn of the 19th and 20th century the Owl Mountain
rail network joining Dzierżoniów with nearby towns was developed. At the
beginning of the 20th century Dzierżoniów ranked as the sixth
biggest town in Silesia owing to the annexation of Ernsdorf (present Dzierżoniów Dolny) within the town’s
boarders. The 20th century was a witness to two World Wars. In 1945
Dzierżoniów belonged to so-called “regained territories” returned to Poland. In
the field of economy the town could boast the development of textile and
electromechanical industry, with the radio plant “Diora” famous for its product
both home and abroad. As a result of administrative changes in 1975 Dzierżoniów
fell within the boarders of the Wałbrzych Voivodship. In 1989 system changes
led to the appointment of commune councils, a type of administrative unit
exercising legal independence. Economic transformation of the 90’s triggered
the collapse of large companies. Present industrial sector of the town is
dominated by small- and medium-sized companies. Dzierżoniów has won the title
of “City 2000”
for the program of Complex Revitalization of Old Town. The town can also boast
nicely lit streets, housing estates, parks and green squares. In 1999 Dzierżoniów
won the third place as one of the best lit communes in Poland. In the field of
education the commune council runs the program of Local Governing Schools,
addressing such issues like: financing extra classes, granting awards and
scholarships for the best students. The key importance for the town’s economic
development is owed to the establishing in 1997 the sub-zone of the Wałbrzych
Special Economic Zone INVEST-PARK. It provides preferential and attractive
conditions for investors. Small- and medium-sized companies are offered package
of allowances and incentives for business undertaking. What is more, the Municipality
has developed and is implementing Long-Term Investment Plan, which is a perfect
“tool” in application for European Union funds. In the competition
“Professional Commune Friendly for Investors” (Profesionalna Gmina Przyjazna Inwestorom) Dzierżoniów has been
twice awarded the highest distinction, whereas in 2003 won the title of “Fair
Play Commune – Certified Investment Localization” (Gmina Fair Play –Certyfikowana Lokalizacja Inwestycj)i. Great asset
and undoubtedly the greatest achievement for the Municipality of Dzierżoniów,
as the first unit of public administration in Poland, was granting in 1999
Quality Management System Certificate PN-ISO 9002:1996 and in 2003 PN-ISO
9001:2001. In 2004 the Municipality was distinguished with the following
awards: “Leader of Management in Commune Council” (Lider Zarządzania w Samorządzie Gminnym) and “European Quality
Award EFQM” (Europejska Nagroda Jakości
EFQ).Patrons of the town are Saint George and Jan Dzierżoń. St. George
lived at the turn of the 3rd and 4th century. He served
in the army of Roman Emperor Diocletian. When Emperor began persecution of
Christians, George defied him confessing to being a Christian himself. As a
result of it, Diocletian ordered his terrible torture which led to his death on
the 24th of April 303.
In the Christian tradition he is
depicted as a knight mounted upon a horse and victoriously slaying the dragon;
therefore he is claimed to be the patron of soldiers. Jan Dzierżoń is the
second patron of the town. He was a great apiarist and a man of science. He
lived in 1811-1906 and organized bee-keepers clubs in Lower Silesia, which were
later joined into the Apiarist Association. He found his place in history as
the one who discovered bees parthenogenesis. For 15 years Dzierżoniów has
maintained relations with his German partner town Bischofsheim. In 1999 signing
of the partnership agreement led to the formal cooperation with Czech town
LANSKROUN. The mass cultural events are held in the town. The biggest events
are: DAYS OF DZIERŻONIÓW (DNI
DZIERŻONIOWA), DZIERŻONIÓW BUSINESS PRESENTATIONS (DZIERŻONIOWSKIE PREZENTACJE GOSPODARCZE), POETRY ON THE WALLS (POEZJA NA MURACH), HONEY HARVEST
FESTIVAL (MIODOBRANIE). In
Dzierżoniów resiliently operates Cultural Centre, distinguished with awards of
the national importance, and Sports and Recreational Centre organizing events
of the international prestige.
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